Objective To explore the influence of self-medication on the health status of middle-aged and elderly people, and to provide reference for promoting the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Methods Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Follow-up Survey (CHARLS), and 5,283 subjects were included after data cleaning. With self-medication as the independent variable, the frailty index was constructed to form the dependent variable, and the relationship between the two was discussed by multiple logistic regression, and the reverse causality was tested by two-stage least square method. Results Self-medication had a significant positive effect on frailty of middle-aged and elderly people (P<0.001), age and residence of control variables had a significant positive effect on frailty of middle-aged and elderly people (P<0.001), education level and pension insurance had a significant negative effect on frailty of middle-aged and elderly people (P<0.001); The results are still robust after the two-stage least square test. Conclusion To enhance the health of middle-aged and elderly people, it is necessary to carry out popular science activities on drug knowledge, and improve their self-awareness of drug therapy based on the characteristics of different middle-aged and elderly people. At the same time, it is advocated that middle-aged and elderly people use drugs rationally and avoid drug abuse, so as to improve the healthy medication level of the elderly group.

Objective To explore the implementation pathways of digital inclusion in smart healthcare services, aiming to resolve inequality issues among different groups during healthcare digitalization. Methods Using the literature research method, this study analyzed the development of smart healthcare services in China, identified current challenges in achieving digital inclusion, and proposed governance countermeasures. Results Four types of divides-access divide, utilization divide, psychological divide, and data divide-constitute the core barriers to digital inclusion in smart healthcare services. Accordingly, a four-dimensional governance pathway was constructed: environmental inclusion, technological inclusion, social inclusion, and data inclusion. Conclusion Through diversified measures such as improving top-level institutional design and regulations in healthcare, strengthening infrastructure development and regional collaboration, and enhancing nationwide digital literacy and skills training, the digital divide in smart healthcare can be bridged, ensuring all groups share the benefits of healthcare digitalization.

Objective To analyze the outcomes of day surgery at our hospital under the guidance of high-quality development and to explore ways to optimize its management model. Methods The development of day surgery in our hospital was divided into three phases: initial exploration, rapid development, and quality and efficiency enhancement. We compared the effectiveness of the management model across these phases, focusing on performance monitoring, operations, and quality and safety. Results During the initial exploration and rapid development phases, the proportion of day surgeries among elective surgeries increased markedly and showed a high linear correlation with both the proportion of Grade IV surgeries among discharged patients and the average hospital length of stay. In the quality and efficiency enhancement phase, the proportion of Grade III and IV surgeries within day surgeries increased significantly, while the preoperative waiting time for elective surgeries and the hospitalization costs decreased markedly. However, the day surgery cancellation rate remained high, and the 24-hour discharge rate was low. Conclusion The development of day surgery requires the application of information technology to enhance refined management and necessitates policy support from superior authorities to promote its sound and sustainable development.

Objective To explore a comprehensive evaluation method for clinical departments based on Diagnosis-related groups (DRG) indicator data, aiming to provide data support for the refined management of clinical departments in public hospitals. Methods Based on DRG-related data, eight indicators were selected: number of discharged patients, number of distinct inpatient diagnoses, number of distinct inpatient procedures, Case Mix Index (CMI), number of DRG groups, time consumption index, cost consumption index, and low-risk mortality rate. A multiplicative model was employed to calculate a composite score across two dimensions: workload volume and service quality, thereby evaluating the clinical departments. Results The hospital-wide composite score increased from 113.75 in 2022 to 118.84 in 2024. The average departmental composite score increased from 1.24±0.69 in 2022 to 1.35±0.80 in 2024, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.022). Conclusion Provided that data quality is assured, utilizing DRG-related indicators for conducting a comprehensive evaluation of clinical departments and applying the results to group-based departmental management can achieve unified evaluation criteria and objective outcomes. This provides a feasible pathway for hospitals to implement refined management and effectively promotes their high-quality development.

Objective To construct a multi-level evaluation system centered on medical quality, patient service, and operational efficiency through the application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) model, and to improve the management level of day surgery in our hospital. Methods Based on the day surgery data from July 2022 to December 2023 in our hospital, we conducted a needs mining analysis from the three roles of patients, doctors, and hospital managers using methods such as questionnaire surveys, field interviews, case Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) analysis, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Using the KANO model, we completed the analysis of quality level improvement. Subsequently, quality characteristics will be developed, optimization measures will be formulated, improvement measures will be determined, an indicator system and improvement strategy group will be established, and a standard operating procedure will be formed. Results Our hospital successfully established an evaluation system for day surgeries, with 15 out of 17 improvement indicators reaching their target values. The number and proportion of day surgeries increased, the average preoperative waiting time decreased, and the average cost per day illness group decreased significantly. Conclusion The QFD model can effectively improve hospital medical safety, diagnosis and treatment efficiency, and patient satisfaction in day surgery management, and has promotional value.

Objective Construct a set of scientific and reasonable evaluation system, comprehensively assess the development of Chinese medicine across Jiangxi province, and promote the high-quality development of Chinese medicine business and industry. Methods Combining the focus group interviews to construct the indicator framework and indicator pool, screening the indicators, determining the weights and scoring methods through expert evaluation and statistical analysis methods, and combining the quality evaluation method to test the reliability and effectiveness of the indicator system. Results An evaluation system covering 6 first-level indicators, 17 second-level indicators, 61 municipal third-level indicators and 52 county third-level indicators was formed. On this basis, the Jiangxi TCM development index was constructed, including the municipal TCM development index composed of static sub- indexes and balanced sub-indexes, and the county-level TCM development index formed by the comprehensive evaluation of county- level evaluation indexes, from which five sub-indexes were derived, namely, service, industry, science and technology, culture and governance. Conclusion The index system of TCM development in Jiangxi province is systematic, scientific and of strong application value, which can provide an objective and quantitative basis for policy formulation, regional comparison and development decision- making.In the future, the index structure should be further optimised, data governance should be strengthened, the algorithm mechanism should be optimised, and the index dimensions should be expanded, so as to comprehensively improve the applicability and explanatory power of the evaluation system.

Objective To analyze the implementation status, influencing factors, and profit / loss outcomes of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-specific medical insurance payment model in a TCM hospital, and provide a basis for exploring and optimizing such models. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 10,711 patients with TCM-specific diseases at a TCM hospital in Zhongshan City from June 2021 to June 2024. Cases were included from both the TCM-specific disease payment model and the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment model. Collected indicators included total hospitalization cost, medical insurance settlement amount, hospital surplus (profit / loss), length of stay, patient out-of-pocket expenses, cost structure (including the proportion of TCM medication costs and TCM treatment costs), and types of TCM therapeutic items. Statistical analyses comprised frequency analysis for categorical variables, entropy weight analysis for cost indicators, and forecasting of total costs and profit / loss trends using a seasonal ARIMA model. Results Compared to the period before policy implementation, the average length of stay (decreasing from 9.16 days to 8.67 days) and the average total cost (decreasing from CNY 9,158.64 to CNY 8,389.64) showed significant reductions (both P<0.05). Entropy weight analysis indicated a low weight for TCM treatment fees (1.170 %), suggesting a need to increase the pricing standards for TCM diagnosis and treatment and to incorporate more syndrome differentiation-based treatment items. Profit / loss forecasting revealed a downward trend in total medical insurance costs after policy implementation, accompanied by reduced patient expenditures and increased profitability for the medical institution. Conclusion Facilitated by the tripartite collaboration mechanism (involving medical insurance, healthcare, and pharmaceutical supply), the TCM-specific medical insurance payment model achieved a balance between social and economic benefits. This policy demonstrates a win-win outcome for multiple stakeholders, helping to fully leverage the unique advantages of TCM-being simple, convenient, economical, and effective-and ultimately benefiting the public.

In the context of the "Healthy China" strategy and the robust development of New Quality Productive Forces (NQPF), patent protection for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) faces the dual challenges of traditional knowledge inheritance and innovative transformation. Taking the innovation-driven nature, industrial integration, and global competitiveness orientation of NQPF as entry points, this paper systematically analyzes the current state of the TCM patent protection system in China. The study finds that existing patent examination standards are inadequately adapted to the characteristics of TCM. Specifically, the examination of the"three patentability criteria" (novelty, inventiveness, and practical applicability) fails to fully consider TCM's holistic philosophy and "three patentability criteria" (novelty, inventiveness, and practical applicability) fails to fully consider TCM's holistic philosophy and the features of complex formula compatibility. Additional problems identified include an imbalanced benefit-sharing mechanism, weak capacity for international patent portfolio development, and a lack of influence in the global intellectual property governance system. Consequently, this paper proposes constructing an integrated protection system. This system would encompass the establishment of tailored examination standards, improvement of benefit-sharing mechanisms, enhancement through digital empowerment, and coordination in global patent governance. The proposed measures aim to foster a deeper alignment between the TCM patent protection system and NQPF, thereby laying a solid institutional foundation for the high-quality development of the TCM industry.

Objective Develop an application for monitoring standardized management indicators in primary healthcare institutions to enhance the management efficiency for older adults, hypertensive and diabetic patients. Methods Based on operational specifications and requirements, leverage information technology to establish a standardized management indicators model and application for key populations after sorting out the associated information and rules of indicators. Results The monitoring application for standardized management indicators has been developed and deployed across all community health centers and township hospitals in Xiamen. The collection and analysis of the indicators yielded critical insights. For instance, Community A achieved a diabetes standardized management rate of 97.81 % in the first quarter of 2024; Community B achieved a notably high average quarterly standardized management rate of 99.07 % for hypertension throughout 2024; and District D's standardized health management rate for the elderly was 20.84 percentage points lower than that of District C. These outcomes demonstrate that the application has effectively enhanced management efficiency for key populations, including older adults, hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion The monitoring application for standardized management indicators enables efficient and precise management of key populations, establishing a new model for standardized care, and also provides a scientific and effective metrics for basic public health services administration.

Objective To analyze the efficiency of bed allocation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals, and to provide references for TCM hospitals to optimize the efficiency of bed allocation in clinical departments and improve the level of fifine management. Methods A hybrid evaluation model of data envelopment analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (DEA-TOPSIS) was constructed to evaluate the efficiency of bed resource allocation in each department of TCM hospitals. Firstly, the overall changes in bed allocation efficiency of 40 clinical departments in TCM hospitals from 2018 to 2023 were evaluated by the DEA-Malmquist, with clinical departments of DEA-Malmquist index < 1 used as the decision-making unit. Secondly, differences in bed allocation efficiency of these clinical departments in 2023 were evaluated by DEA Banker-Charnes-Cooper (BCC) model. Finally, TOPSIS was applied to analyze the realistic extent to which the amount of slack in non-DEA efficient departments could be improved. Results The DEA-Malmquist index showed that 26 of the 40 clinical departments had a total factor productivity of less than 1, which was attributed to technological lag. 17 of the 26 clinical departments with a Malmquist index of < 1 remained ineffective for non-DEA in 2023. The TOPSIS model rankings showed that the top five departments to be improved were the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), First Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, First Department of Bone and Joint, and Department of Gastroenterology. Conclusion At present, the efficiency of bed allocation in TCM hospitals is generally showing a downward trend, with obvious technological lagging constraints, over-input and under-output of bed resources co-existing, and the efficiency of bed resource allocation in more than half of the clinical departments needs to be further improved. The overall bed allocation efficiency, vigorous development of specialist construction, technical progress of non-TCM departments, and the balanced development of each department should be further optimized in TCM hospitals.

Objective To analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by county-level maternal and child health hospitals during the construction of compact county medical communities and to explore pathways for promoting high-quality development of maternal and child health services at the county level. Methods A mixed-methods approach incorporating SWOT analysis was used to identify strategic directions, innovative service pathways, and response strategies for these hospitals. Results The studied hospital demonstrates clear strengths in gynecological specialty development and service quality. However, it faces internal weaknesses such as insufficient talent development, alongside external threats including intensifying competition, uncertainties arising from healthcare insurance policy adjustments, and the rapid advancement of new technologies. External opportunities were also identified, such as support from local governments and growing market demand. Conclusion Since the initiation of the medical community construction, progress and challenges have been present simultaneously. Recommendations include accelerating the integrated development of compact county medical communities, promoting the hospital's experience in "consolidating the three-tier maternal and child health network and facilitating tiered healthcare delivery," establishing a smart "Internet Plus Maternal and Child Health" service model, and innovating talent recruitment and development mechanisms with a focus on disciplinary development.

Objective To investigate the current status of medical ethics review in a hospital, analyze its practical challenges, and propose strategies for quality improvement. Methods We reviewed institutional documents on medical ethics review, analyzed data from 617 ethical review projects between 2021 and 2024, and conducted a questionnaire survey to 254 medical staff to identify key issues. Results Deficiencies were identified in several areas: the regulatory and institutional framework, organizational development and review capacity of the ethics committee, review efficiency and quality, and the review application process. Conclusion To improve the quality of medical ethics review, medical institutions should take comprehensive measures to refine the review system, strengthen the organizational capacity of ethics committees, enhance review quality and efficiency, strengthen ethics training, and promote the information technology application.

Objective To systematically propose a theoretical framework and practical paths for the high-quality development of key disciplines in public traditional Chinese medicine institutions driven by the new quality productivity, thus providing exemplary solutions for the modernization transformation of traditional Chinese medicine and the implementation of the Healthy China strategy. Methods Taking the Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital as the research subject, a trinity strategy of "management innovation, resource reorganization, and talent upgrading" was implemented. Focusing on theoretical framework optimization, practical path validation, and discipline system enhancement, the transformation and breakthrough methods for high-quality development of key disciplines, and shifting from traditional empirical models to a modern collaborative development model integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine were explored. Results Practice demonstrated that under the empowerment of new quality productive forces, significant achievements have been made in the high-quality development of key disciplines in public traditional Chinese medicine institutions. These included structural leaps in the theoretical system of integrated Chinese and Western medicine collaboration, systematic optimization of technological applications, preventive transformation of diagnosis and treatment services, integrated breakthroughs in medical-industry-academia-research collaboration, and precise cultivation of talent ecosystems. Conclusion New quality productivity addresses bottleneck issues, such as disciplinary homogenization, achievement transformation barriers, and inefficient resource utilization through systematic strategies. Continuous optimizations of dynamic adaptation mechanisms are needed. In the future, continuous deepening of development ideas is required to provide a sustainable demonstration path for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

The construction of regional medical centers plays a strong role in promoting the vertical flow of high-quality medical resources and improving the quality of primary healthcare services. Under the strategic backdrop of high-quality development in public hospitals, Party building should play a leading role. This study, starting from the practical experience of building the eastern Chongming regional medical center, elaborated on the practical path and effectiveness of Party building in leading to regional medical collaboration and development. In this medical center, a localized '12345' collaborative development model was built that emphasized the synergistic effects of multiple stakeholders, such as the district health commission, district finance, local township governments, and various medical institutions. The aim is to enhance the service capabilities of medical institutions within the region by practicing the concept of an integrated regional healthcare service system. Leveraging the advantages of the lead hospital, this article explored the “five-aspect” integration of Party building, diagnosis and treatment, personnel, information, and management, thus establishing a new development pattern for the eastern Chongming regional medical center, and achieving high-quality medical development within the region.

In recent years, the "12345 Hotline" has become a primary channel for citizens to voice their demands to healthcare institutions. To further enhance the management of primary healthcare services and to improve public satisfaction with complaint resolution, a district in Beijing analyzed complaint records and follow-up satisfaction surveys related to primary healthcare institutions from March to December 2023. The study revealed that citizens' main concerns centered on service quality and attitude, medical procedures, service capacity, and pharmaceutical services. Taking responses, the district implemented targeted improvement measures that significantly elevated the quality and efficiency of primary healthcare services. Practical experience has demonstrated that sustained optimization in service quality and attitude, medical service capacity, healthcare procedures and environments, and pharmaceutical services is essential to meet public health needs and advance high-quality development in healthcare.

The integration of medical and elderly care in community-based elderly care constitutes an organic component of diversified elderly care service system in China. As an innovative health-oriented elderly care model, it played a significant role in addressing rapid population aging, and safeguarding the rights of older adults. However, with the deepening of pilot programs and practical implementation of integrated medical and elderly care communities, various shortcomings and challenges have gradually emerged. Through analysis of three typical forms of community-based integrated medical and elderly care services, this study identified deficiencies and dilemmas in four key aspects: funding support, regulatory frameworks, professional team development, and information technology capabilities. Building on these findings, this article proposed optimization pathways from four dimensions: improving regulatory systems, strengthening talent cultivation, enhancing financial security mechanisms, and advancing smart service capabilities. These recommendations aim to promote high-quality development of integrated medical and elderly care services in community settings.

Objective To investigate and analyze the talent structure and development status of traditional Chinese medicine in tertiary traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Shandong Province, and to identify problems and deficiencies, propose countermeasures and suggestions, thus providing references for policy formulation and hospital management. Methods A multi-level sampling method was used to select 450 participants from 10 tertiary traditional Chinese medicine hospitals for a questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results The main age group was 35-44 years old, with a higher proportion of traditional Chinese medicine talents in intermediate health professional technical positions, master's degrees, and 10-19 years of work experience. The research projects led or participated by traditional Chinese medicine talents mainly focused on topics below the city level, and the results were mainly published in journal articles. Continuing education and institutional education were the main ways to cultivate talents in traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion The overall structure of traditional Chinese medicine talent is reasonable, but improvements should be made on the construction of the traditional Chinese medicine talent team and scientific research ability. Training methods are not innovative enough. It is suggested to strengthen the planning and management of the construction of traditional Chinese medicine talent team, explore the construction of new models for talent cultivation, build a high-level talent development platform, and improve the talent incentive and guarantee mechanism.

Objective To scientifically evaluate the operation status of clinical departments, and to guide the enhancement of operation effectiveness, thus providing theoretical and practical basis for improving the level of fine operation and management of hospitals and promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals. Methods A clinical department operation evaluation index system was constructed and used to perform a systematic evaluation and assessment of operation in 44 departments of a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen City. Targeted guidance was given according to the evaluation results. Results After a year of continuous monitoring and operational guidance, the hospital's operational indicators, such as workload, medical quality and business income have been significantly improved. Meanwhile, the department's awareness of operational management and the hospital's level of fine management have been significantly elevated. Conclusion The results of empirical application show that the constructed index system can comprehensively and objectively reflect the current situation of departmental operation, and provide effective tool support for hospital operational management.

Objective To evaluate the suitability of elderly care and wellness in Shandong Province, thus providing references for optimizing the allocation of elderly care resources. Methods An evaluation index system for the suitability of elderly care and wellness was established. The entropy weight method was used to assign weights to each value in the index system. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was employed to calculate and sort the comprehensive score of the suitability of elderly care and wellness in different cities of Shandong Province. Results From 2019 to 2022, there were significant differences in the suitability of elderly care and wellness among cities in Shandong Province. Among them, Jinan City and Qingdao City had the highest comprehensive scores, Zibo City, Dongying City, and Weihai City graded high, while Dezhou, Liaocheng City and Heze City had relatively low comprehensive scores. From a time series perspective, the comprehensive score of elderly care and wellness suitability in various cities showed a stable trend, with some cities experiencing slight fluctuations. From a spatial distribution perspective, the suitability for elderly care and wellness in the central Shandong and Shandong Peninsula regions was relatively high, while it was relatively low in the southern and western Shandong regions. Conclusion There are significant differences in the suitability of elderly care and wellness among different regions in Shandong Province. It is necessary to optimize the allocation of resources and improve the quality of elderly care and wellness services.

Objective Under the national policy framework, this study aims to explore integrated governance pathways to address fragmentation in managing restricted medical technologies—caused by disparities in provincial catalogs and procedures, varying hospital levels, and inconsistent quality control measures—to enhance management efficiency. Methods Based on policy texts including the 2018 "Regulations on the Clinical Application of Medical Technologies", we employed multi-case comparison and policy text analysis to examine differences in catalog formulation, filing procedures, and quality control mechanisms across representative provinces. Results The current management system faces three main dilemmas: Insufficient policy coordination among national, provincial, and hospital levels leads to inconsistent management standards. A disconnect between online and offline approval processes creates a "digital divide". A fractured quality control chain across pre-event, in-process, and post-event stages results in disjointed oversight. Conclusion An integrated governance framework centered on a national information platform should be constructed through enhanced policy coordination, process standardization, and data-driven supervision. This framework would enable whole-process, homogeneous, and refined management of restricted medical technologies.

Objective Based on the information technology identity theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study explored the factors influencing the effective use of Internet hospitals among outpatients. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among outpatients from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A total of 224 questionnaires were distributed, with 209 valid responses collected, yielding an effective response rate of 93.3 %. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, willingness to use, and information technology identity were all significant predictors of the effective use of Internet hospitals. However, perceived ease of use did not show a significant effect on information technology identity. The influence of perceived ease of use on effective use was mediated through multiple pathways. Among these, the mediating effects centered on perceived usefulness and willingness to use were more stable and significant. Conclusion To promote the development and application of Internet hospitals, government departments should establish and improve the relevant development systems, laws, and regulations. Medical institutions need to continuously enhance the service capacity and quality of Internet hospitals. System developers should utilize information technology to improve the functionality and development of Internet hospital platforms and always optimize the service experience with a patient-centered approach to increase users' willingness to use.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the pilot work on the integration of chronic disease treatment and prevention in primary medical institutions in China, and to summarize the practical experience and existing problems, thus proposing policy recommendations. Methods Through key informant interviews, questionnaire surveys and expert group discussions, quantitative data processing in Excel and qualitative analysis in ATLAS.ti software, the effectiveness of an integration of chronic disease treatment and prevention in three primary care pilot areas (Taiyuan, Shenzhen and Chongqing) was compared with that in non-pilot areas (Datong and Dongguan). Results Based on the guidelines and trainings developed by the National Primary Hypertension and Diabetes Prevention and Management Office, the primary diagnosis and treatment capacity was significantly improved. The integration of chronic disease treatment and prevention in each region has achieved some success. However, challenges included brain drain, siphoning effect of tertiary hospitals and data barriers. The overall satisfaction rate of patients with chronic diseases towards the integration of medical treatment and prevention work in primary healthcare institutions reached 84.4%. Conclusion The integration of chronic disease treatment and prevention effectively improves the quality of chronic disease management through incentive mechanism optimization, information interconnection and family doctor team building. It is recommended to improve the symbiotic environment of policies and regulations, strengthen the grassroots team building, refine the assessment system of service quality, establish a scientific and efficient performance evaluation and economic incentive mechanism, set up a special fund pool, tilt the payment of chronic disease health insurance to the grassroots, and promote the construction of a close-knit healthcare community and grassroots informatization.

To build a hypertension management model with Chinese characteristics, thus providing references for finally forming a long-term effective management system for hypertension. Through literature review, summarizing experience in hypertension management at home and abroad, and keeping a foothold for practice and previous research basis of hypertension management in China, we propose that grassroots healthcare institutions are the main force of hypertension management in our country. This article proposed a "five-in-one" comprehensive management model of traditional Chinese and Western medicine at the grassroots level, that is, hypertension group management based on social public health services; hypertension hierarchical management with medical communities as the link; hypertension remote management supported by "Internet + medical health"; hypertension traditional Chinese medicine management guided by "dialectical treatment" and hypertension self-management driven by family participation.

Objective To construct an intelligent prevention and control system for venous thromboembolism (VTE), improve the standardized prevention and treatment of VTE in hospitals, and achieve medical quality and safety goals. Methods An intelligent VTE prevention and control system was developed and interfaced with the Hospital Information System (HIS). The system automatically captured data from clinical wards, including information on medical staff, patients, medical orders, and surgical records. Data on VTE prevention and control for hospitalized patients from 2023 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the system's effectiveness. Results The implementation of the intelligent VTE prevention and control system enabled systematic VTE screening, achieving procedural, intelligent, and standardized prevention and control, and established a comprehensive management system. Compared with 2023, the hospital's VTE prevention and control process indicators in 2024 showed a clear trend of improvement, with a significant increase in the VTE detection rate. Conclusion The intelligent VTE prevention and control system enables intelligent and homogeneous VTE assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. This contributes to enhancing medical service efficiency, improves the level of comprehensive prevention and control, and helps achieve medical quality and safety goals.

This updated consensus building on the 2021 edition, incorporates recent policies and regulations, new evidence from domestic and international literature, and accumulated clinical experience to further refine the FSMP clinical governance framework. It recommends that healthcare institutions establish FSMP management committees and implement end-to-end systems encompassing access criteria, logistics and storage, formulation management, information management, pricing and fee management, informed consent, prescription review, and adverse reaction surveillance. Clinical application should adhere to a standardized pathway—nutritional screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment— while ensuring appropriate selection of oral or enteral (tube) routes, routine clinical monitoring, and complication prevention. By advancing the standardization and digitalization of FSMP management in healthcare settings, this consensus aims to improve safety and effectiveness in clinical practice, shorten rehabilitation timelines, reduce healthcare burden, and facilitate high-quality clinical translation.

Objective To explore the development pathways of public management disciplines in medical universities under the context of new liberal arts construction, utilizing the PEST-SWOT model. Methods The study examines 85 public medical universities in China, investigating undergraduate programs in public administration, master's degree offerings in public management, and the development of master's programs in public management. The internal and external environments of the discipline are analyzed through the PEST-SWOT framework. Results Internal environment analysis reveals that medical universities possess unique advantages in discipline system construction and curriculum development but face challenges such as lack of targeted and distinctive features, underdeveloped secondary disciplines, and insufficient integration of theory and practice. External environment analysis indicates that public management disciplines in medical universities encounter both opportunities and threats across political, economic, social, and technological dimensions. Conclusion It is essential to accelerate the distinctive development of public management disciplines in medical universities, harnessing crises as opportunities for innovation and promoting integrated growth of the discipline.

Objective To quantitatively assess various policies on the traditional Chinese characteristic development, and to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of existing policies, thus providing corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the development of traditional Chinese medicine characteristics in China. Methods Initiated with the release of the State Council's Notice on Implementing the Outline of Strategic Plan for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development (2016-2030), a total of 44 policies related to traditional Chinese medicine from 2015 to 2024 were analyzed based on the three-dimensional framework of "policy tool-process-intensity" for developing the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine via a content analysis method. A comprehensive cross-dimensional and multi-dimensional analysis on relevant policies concerning the development of traditional Chinese medicine characteristics was performed. Results The 44 policy documents were classified into the supply type 32.4% (83/256), environmental type 48.8% (125/256), and demand type 18.7% (48/256) based on the policy tools. Overall, the use of policy tools had a certain bias, showing an imbalance in the policy sub- tools. Conclusion It is necessary to further optimize resource allocation by improving the combination of policy tools, establish a unified framework to enhance policy coordination, and strengthen policies specifically tailored towards promoting unique features of traditional Chinese medicine through top-level design improvements and enhancing legal frameworks.

Objective To scientifically evaluate the equity and regional differences in health human resources allocation in Guangdong Province, predict future personnel numbers, and provide evidence for optimizing regional resource allocation and formulating health human resources policies. Methods Based on data from 2000 to 2023, the agglomeration degree and Theil index were used to assess the equity of allocation for in-service health workers, health technicians, and licensed (assistant) physicians. The data were used to establish ARIMA and Holt's exponential smoothing models, respectively. The model with superior accuracy was selected to predict the number of health personnel from 2024 to 2026. Results The total number of health workers in Guangdong Province showed a significant growth trend. However, regional allocation disparities for the three types of health human resources were evident, with inter-city imbalance in resource allocation being the main contributor to overall inequity. Conclusion Differentiated allocation strategies should be formulated, focusing on talent supply and capacity building in underdeveloped areas and establishing a cross-regional talent flow mechanism to narrow regional resource gaps and promote balanced allocation across the province.

Taking a prefectural-level tertiary general hospital as an example, this study explores how to forge an innovation pathway for scientific and technological advancement in the context of precision medicine. By enhancing top-level design, strengthening talent support, building innovation platforms, as well as implementing precise prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and medication, a virtuous cycle of "technology application—data accumulation—research breakthrough" has been established. This practice promotes the application of precision medicine at the clinical forefront, supports the hospital's high-quality development, and provides a reference for building scientific and technological innovation systems in prefectural-level public hospitals in the new era.

Objective To systematically reveal the structural characteristics and tool-stage adaptability issues of health education policies for Chinese residents from a full life-cycle perspective, thus providing theoretical support for optimizing the health governance system. Methods Based on policy tools theory, this study employed policy content analysis to systematically review national-level health education policy documents issued between 2016 and 2024. It quantitatively analyzed the types of policy tools used, their distribution, and their coverage across life-cycle stages. Results Health education policies in China exhibited a structurally imbalanced pattern, characterized by an overreliance on environmental tools, and an absence phenomenon of supply-side and demand-side tools. Although policy interventions and tool combinations across different life-cycle stages show a degree of dynamic alignment with stage- specific health risks, problems like tool-stage mismatch, insufficient coordination, and a lack of evaluation mechanisms persisted. Conclusion It is recommended to balance the structure and application ratio of policy tools, improve the health education policy system across all life-cycle stages, enhance the coordination and implementation mechanisms of stage-specific policy tools, and establish a life- cycle-oriented evaluation and feedback mechanism, thus promoting the overall advancement of the Healthy China strategy.

Objective Based on the actual situation of public health work in secondary and above mental health specialized hospitals in Shandong province, sort out the public health tasks and construct an evaluation index system to provide a basis for the scientific and homogeneous management of mental health specialty public health in Shandong province. Methods Two rounds of expert letter inquiries were conducted using the Delphi expert consultation method to establish an evaluation index system for public health management of psychiatry in Shandong province, and to clarify the connotation of the indicators and the evaluation methods. Results The authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were Cr=0.921 and Cr=0.928 respectively. Kendall's W in the first round of expert consultation was 0.700, and Kendall's W in the second round was 0.850 (P all<0.001). The coefficient of variation (CV) of each index was less than 0.25. The constructed evaluation index system for public health management of psychiatry in Shandong province includes 8 first-level indicators, 34 second-level indicators and 61 third-level indicators. Conclusion Scientifically construct an evaluation index system for public health management that conforms to reality, providing a basis for health and wellness administrative departments in optimizing the public health system of mental health specialized hospitals in Shandong province and rationally allocating health resources, thereby improving the level of public health and disease prevention and control in mental health specialized hospitals.

bjective To explore the application effect of the Supply Processing and Distribution (SPD) in the management of medical consumables in public hospitals, and to provide practical experience and theoretical basis for enhancing hospital management levels. Methods Taking a public hospital where a SPD system was adopted to the refined management of medical consumables as the research subject, this study analyzed its application practices in the planned procurement, inventory management, and distribution, as well as the achievements after upgrading the SPD system. A combination of case study and data analysis was used in the present study. Results After applying the SPD, there have been remarkable improvements in the refined management of medical consumables in the public hospital. In the planned procurement stage, scientific replenishment has been realized, and procurement efficiency has improved. Inventory management has become more refined and intelligent, and the efficiency of the operating room has increased. The distribution process has been optimized, and "one item, one code" management for high-value consumables has been achieved. After upgrading the SPD system, functions such as mobile applications, development of centralized procurement orders, unique device identification (UDI) application, and improved reports have been added. However, issues such as untimely distribution, difficulty in inventory control, and delayed data updates still existed. Conclusion The SPD system benefits the storage management of medical consumables in public hospitals and promotes the modernization of hospital material management. Nevertheless, measures such as strengthening inventory monitoring, introducing advanced forecasting models, and optimizing data update mechanisms are needed to further improve it. In the future, it is expected to integrate more resources and create an efficient supply-chain ecosystem.

Objective To assess the impact of the diagnosis‑intervention packet (DIP) payment model on operational management in public hospitals and to identify corresponding countermeasures, thereby informing broader implementation and policy making. Methods At a public hospital in Putuo District, Shanghai, we established a three‑tier management structure, strengthened institutional policies, built a big‑data center, and specified disease groupings and weights to operationalize DIP‑based insurance payment management. We compiled operational data from 2020 to 2024 and conducted a longitudinal pre‑/post‑implementation comparison within the hospital, complemented by a cross‑sectional benchmark against four peer public hospitals in central Shanghai that had implemented DIP measures in 2024. Results Following DIP implementation, the hospital's case mix index (CMI) increased steadily over four years, and the proportion of Grade III or higher surgeries rose overall. In 2024, both the index unit price deviation (2.01%) and the initial payment rate (98.17%) outperformed those of the four peer hospitals, indicating notable cost‑containment effectiveness. Conclusion Public hospitals should strengthen disease‑category management, refine supporting policies and oversight mechanisms, and coordinate information platform development to optimize the DIP payment model and advance cost containment in an orderly manner.

Objective To analyze the current situation of high rates leukemia DRG cases in a certain hematology hospital, and provide more optimized solutions for targeted cost control, reducing patients' medical burden, and promoting the rational use of medical insurance funds for high rates cases. Methods Leukemia cases discharged from a blood disease specialist hospital in Tianjin from April 1, 2024 to April 1, 2025 were extracted, and patient data paid according to the high-cost case payment standard were screened. Their basic information was analyzed, and the grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between each sub item cost of high-cost cases and the total hospitalization cost. At the same time, typical cases were selected for key analysis. Results In the 2024 agreement year, the hospital settled a total of 7,256 cases according to DRG, of which 335 cases were paid according to high-cost cases, accounting for 4.62 % of the total cases. Grey correlation analysis found that the overall drug cost and total hospitalization cost of high-cost cases had the highest correlation. Among the top 12 high-cost DRG groups with the highest number of cases, 6 DRG groups had the strongest correlation between drug cost and hospitalization cost, 4 DRG groups had the strongest correlation between examination cost and hospitalization cost, and 2 DRG groups had the strongest correlation between treatment cost and hospitalization cost. Conclusion The correlation between drug costs, examination costs, treatment costs, and the total cost of high incidence cases is the highest, which is the key to controlling the cost of high incidence cases of leukemia DRG. Optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment, improving medical insurance payment policies, and strengthening hospital management are effective strategies for addressing high rates of cases.

Objective This study aims to develop an evaluation indicator system for the health literacy-sensitive communication in traditional Chinese medicine for nurse-patient interactions, thus more effectively assessing the nurse-patient communication quality in the Chinese medicine nursing practice. Methods A modified three-round Delphi method with expert consensus validation was employed to finalize the indicator selection, and the Precedence Chart method was used to assign weights to each indicator. Results The expert response rate for the three rounds of the Delphi method was 100%, with authority coefficients of 0.966, 0.956, and 0.974, respectively (all > 0.700). In terms of expert consensus, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) was 0.130, 0.175, and 0.131 for the primary indicators, and 0.143, 0.137, and 0.105 for the secondary indicators. Expert ratings were significantly consistent across all rounds (P<0.05). All demonstrated significant consistency. The final health literacy-sensitive communication in traditional Chinese medicine for nurse-patient interactions evaluation indicator system included 3 primary indicators (communication skills, information sharing, and humanistic support) and 16 secondary indicators. Weight allocation prioritized communication skills (55.6%), followed by information sharing and humanistic support (both 22.2%). Conclusion The health literacy-sensitive communication in traditional Chinese medicine for nurse-patient interactions evaluation indicator system provides a patient-centered, health literacy-adaptive framework to objectively evaluate communication quality in Chinese medicine nursing. This indicator system reflects the importance of communication skills, information sharing, and humanistic support in the process of traditional Chinese medicine nursing operations.

Construction of a secondary warehouse management for medical consumables in public hospitals is an inevitable requirement for achieving the goal of high-quality development. This article analyzed the problems existing in the management of the secondary warehouse through the fishbone diagram, and optimized and improved the management process of the secondary warehouse of medical consumables. According to the 5S management of consumable labels, ABC classification method was adopted to reduce inventory and reduce capital occupation, reference to the all-directional (OEC) management mode to improve the internal control closed-loop, establish a standardized process to reduce the manual delivery rate, and set up automatic replenishment using the information technology to replace the traditional manual application of consumables, so as to establish a scientific and efficient secondary warehouse management system. The system made the application, warehousing, Ex-warehouse, use, charging, verification, traceability and other related processes of medical consumables rigorous and orderly, thus releasing inventory space, avoiding expired waste, eliminating billing errors and omissions,reducing manual outbound, ensuring charging compliance, and effectively promoting the high-quality development of hospitals.

Medical consumables play an important role in hospital diagnosis and treatment, and their reasonable classification mode is related to the efficiency of medical services and management. This study explored the practical application of the national medical insurance medical consumables coding in the classification of medical consumables. Additionally, we explored the practical significance of this classification model in the selection and control of medical consumables, procurement price control, procurement management, fee determination, cost control and analysis, classification standardization, and classification informatization in the actual application of tertiary public hospitals. It also pointed out the problems and solutions in practical application. This study aims to provide references for optimizing the classification management of medical consumables in hospitals.

High-level professionals are crucial for driving the high-quality development of public hospitals. Under the requirements of developing new-quality productive forces, and faced with institutional restructuring and a new landscape of talent competition brought by the 2025 island-wide customs closure of the Hainan Free Trade Port, public hospitals urgently need to optimize their talent recruitment mechanisms, research platforms, and incentive systems. Guided by this paradigm and addressing current challenges such as talent shortages, structural imbalances, and insufficient incentives, this study proposes pathway recommendations in four key areas: talent system construction, evaluation and incentive reform, research environment enhancement, and management system optimization. It emphasizes building a quality-oriented talent recruitment system, strengthening multi-dimensional support mechanisms, and improving talent aggregation and utilization efficiency, to provide human resource support for regional medical service innovation and institutional openness.

Recently, the National Health Commission and five other ministries jointly issued a document to launch a one-year special rectification campaign against "black ambulances". Against this backdrop, this paper first analyzes the hazards and causes of "black ambulances", and then, based on the principle of addressing both symptoms and root causes, explores the significance and construction ideas for scientifically building a non-emergency medical transfer service system covering the whole country from six aspects: institutional setup, scientific development, professional division, standardized services, professional ethics, and fee standards, aiming to provide references for eliminating the phenomenon of "black ambulances".

In this article, 12 commonly used medical quality improvement tools were extensively collected, and sorted out and compared for their application and efficacy in clinical settings, with the aim of ensuring the health and safety of patients, promoting continuous improvement and innovation within medical institutions, and achieving continuous improvement of medical service quality. This article aims to accurately evaluate patient conditions and formulate more accurate treatment plans through a rational use of these tools, thus maximizing the treatment effect and patient satisfaction.